1.《自然》杂志官网

翻译 | 李言Nature, 16 January 2020, Volume 577 Issue 7790《自然》2020年1月16日，第577卷，7790期

2.自然杂志百度百科

天文学AstronomyA population of dust-enshrouded objects orbiting the Galactic black hole环绕着星系黑洞的尘埃笼罩天体群作者：Anna Ciurlo, Randall D. Campbell, Mark R. Morris, Tuan Do, etc.

3.《自然》杂志中文版订阅

链接：https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1883-y摘要：最近，2个天体被发现近距离环绕着人马座A*：G1和G2这些天体尚未被分辨（它们有100个天文单位的大小，除了在近质心点上——与黑洞的潮汐相互作用使它们沿着轨道延伸），并同时显示了热尘埃辐射和电离气体的线辐射。

4.“自然”杂志

G1和G2引起了人们的注意，因为它们似乎与超大质量星系黑洞有潮汐相互作用，而这可能会增强黑洞的吸积活动关于它们的性质目前还没有达成广泛共识：G天体显示出天体云和尘云的特征，但也表现出类似恒星的动力学特性。

5.《自然》杂志简介

在这里，我们报告了另外4个G天体的观测结果，它们都位于黑洞的0.04秒差距内，形成了一个可能是此类环境中的唯一类别这6个G天体差别极大的运行轨迹显示它们是分别形成的AbstractRecently, two unusual objects have been found to be closely orbiting Sagittarius A*: the so-called G sources, G1 and G2. These objects are unresolved (having a size ofthe order of 100 astronomical units, except at periapse, where the tidal interaction with the black hole stretches them along the orbit) and they show both thermal dust emission and line emission from ionized gas. G1 and G2 have generated attention because they appear to be tidally interacting with the supermassive Galactic black hole, possibly enhancing its accretion activity. No broad consensus has yet been reached concerning their nature: the G objects show the characteristics of gas and dust clouds but display the dynamical properties of stellar-mass objects. Here we report observations of four additional G objects, all lying within 0.04 parsecs of the black hole and forming a class that is probably unique to this environment. The widely varying orbits derived for the six G objects demonstrate that they were commonly but separately formed.。

6.《自然》杂志有app吗

材料科学Material ScienceDesign and synthesis of multigrain nanocrystals via geometric misfit strain利用几何失配应变设计合成多晶粒纳米晶体

7.自然杂志官方app

作者：Myoung Hwan Oh, Min Gee Cho, Dong Young Chung, Inchul Park, etc.链接：https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1899-3

8.自然杂志在线阅读

摘要：晶界相关的拓扑缺陷（GB缺陷）对纳米晶材料在电学、光学、磁性、力学和化学性能方面的影响是众所周知的在此，我们证明了对胶体多面纳米晶体异质外延的精确控制能够使晶粒有序生长，从而产生具有相同GB缺陷的材料样品。

9.《自然》杂志订阅

我们确定了控制这些高度有序的多晶粒纳米结构生产的4个设计原理首先，基板纳米晶体的形状必须指引过度生长阶段的晶体取向第二，基板的尺寸必须小于位错之间的特征距离第三，过度生长期和基板之间的不对称加剧了晶粒间的几何失配应变。

10.《自然》杂志中文版app

第四，对于近平衡条件下形成的晶界，需要通过配体钝化增强弹性能来平衡外部的表面能根据这些原理，我们可以生产一系列含有明显晶界缺陷的多晶粒纳米晶体AbstractThe impact of topological defects associated with grain boundaries (GB defects) on theelectrical, optical, magnetic, mechanical and chemical properties of nanocrystalline materials is well known. Here we demonstrate that precise control of the heteroepitaxy of colloidal polyhedral nanocrystals enables ordered grain growth and can thereby produce material samples with uniform GB defects. We identify four design principles that govern the production of these highly ordered multigrain nanostructures. First, the shape of the substrate nanocrystal must guide the crystallographic orientation of the overgrowth phase. Second, the size of the substrate must be smaller than the characteristic distance between the dislocations. Third, the incompatible symmetry between the overgrowth phase and the substrate increases the geometric misfit strain between the grains. Fourth, for GB formation under near-equilibrium conditions, the surface energy of the shell needs to be balanced by the increasing elastic energy through ligand passivation. With these principles, we can produce a range of multigrain nanocrystals containing distinct GB defects.。

Transparent ferroelectric crystals with ultrahigh piezoelectricity具有超高压电效应的透明铁电单晶作者：Chaorui Qiu, Bo Wang, Nan Zhang, Shujun Zhang, etc.

链接：https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1891-y摘要：从光声成像传感器到用于触觉应用的透明致动器，透明压电材料是众多混合超声波光学器件的理想材料然而，由于大多数高性能压电材料都是含有高密度光散射畴壁的铁电材料，因此同时实现高压电效应和完全透明具有挑战性。

在此，通过相场模拟和实验的结合，我们展示了一种相对简单的方法使用交变电场令原本不透明的菱形Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3(PMN-PT) 晶体电畴结构同时产生近乎完美的透明性、高压电系数

d33（大于2100 pC/N）、理想的机电耦合系数k33（约为94%）和高电光系数γ33（220 pm/V），这一结果远超出通常使用的透明铁电晶体LiNbO3我们发现，增大电畴尺寸可使晶体压电性能大幅增加，挑战了人们长期以来对减小电畴尺寸会产生高压电效应的传统认识。

AbstractTransparent piezoelectrics are highly desirable for numerous hybrid ultrasound–optical devices ranging from photoacoustic imaging transducers to transparent actuators for haptic applications. However, it is challenging to achieve high piezoelectricity and perfect transparency simultaneously because most high-performance piezoelectrics are ferroelectrics that contain high-density light-scattering domain walls. Here, through a combination of phase-field simulations and experiments, we demonstrate a relatively simple method of using an alternating-current electric field to engineer the domain structures of originally opaque rhombohedral Pb(Mg

1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3(PMN-PT) crystals to simultaneously generate near-perfect transparency, an ultrahigh piezoelectric coefficient

d33(greater than 2,100 picocoulombs per newton), an excellent electromechanical coupling factork33(about94 per cent) and a large electro-optical coefficient

γ33(approximately 220 picometres per volt), which isfar beyond the performance of the commonly used transparent ferroelectric crystal LiNbO

3. We find that increasing the domain size leads to ahigherd33value for the[001]-oriented rhombohedral PMN-PT crystals, challenging the conventional wisdom that decreasing the domain size always results in higher piezoelectricity.

物理学PhysicsClassification with a disordered dopant-atom network in silicon利用硅中的无序掺杂原子网络进行分类作者：Tao Chen, Jeroenvan Gelder, Bram van de Ven, Sergey V. Amitonov, etc.

链接：https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1901-0摘要：在机器学习中，高纬度空间中的非线性投影可使数据线性可分离，简化复杂特征的分类在传统计算机中，这种非线性投影的计算成本很高。

在此，我们被大脑中和人工神经网络的过滤器激发灵感，使用了一种平行的纳米级的方法进行非线性分类和特征提取我们利用硅中硼掺杂原子电调谐网络中的跳跃传导非线性，通过人工进化重新配置网络实现不同的计算功能首先，我们解决了规范的双输入二元分类问题，实现了所有布尔逻辑门达到室温，用纳米材料系统演示了非线性分类。

然后，我们改进掺杂网络，以实现特征过滤器可以在美国国家标准与技术研究院手写数字数据库执行四输入二元分类与直接应用于原始数据的线性分类器相比，使用我们基于材料的过滤器大大提高了分类精准度我们的研究结果提供了一个硅基电子学的范例，用于小规模节能计算。

AbstractIn machine learning, nonlinear projection into a high-dimensional feature space can make data linearly separable, simplifying the classification of complex features. Such nonlinear projections are computationally expensive in conventional computers. Here we use a parallel, nanoscale approach inspired by filters in the brain and artificial neural networks to perform nonlinear classification and feature extraction. We exploit the nonlinearity of hopping conduction through an electrically tunable network of boron dopant atoms in silicon, reconfiguring the network through artificial evolution to realize different computational functions. We first solve the canonical two-input binary classification problem, realizing all Boolean logic gates up to room temperature, demonstrating nonlinear classification with the nanomaterial system. We then evolve our dopant network to realize feature filters that can perform four-input binary classification on the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology handwritten digit database. Implementation of ourmaterial-based filters substantially improves the classification accuracy over that of a linear classifier directly applied to the original data. Our results establish a paradigm of silicon-based electronics for small-footprint and energy-efficient computation.

Direct thermal neutron detection by the 2D semiconductor 6LiInP2Se6基于2D半导体6LiInP2Se6的探测器可直接检测热中子作者：Daniel G. Chica, Yihui He, Kyle M. McCall, Duck Young Chung, etc.

链接：https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1886-8摘要：半导体可用与下一代中子探测器，因为它们的优点与现有的探测器相比具备可竞争性然而到目前为止，尚无材料有望建设可直接转换的半导体探测器。

在此，我们报告一种半导体LiInP2Se6，并展示它作为一种可直接检测在室温下热中子的探测器的候选材料的潜力该化合物具有良好的热中子俘获截面、合适的带隙（2.06电子伏特）和良好能带结构可以有效传输电子电荷。

我们用一个镅-241中的α粒子代替中子俘获反应和确定紧凑的二维LiInP2Se6探测器用13.9%的能量分辨率达到了满能量峰值我们预期，这将激发人们对这一领域的兴趣，并使以半导体为基础的中子探测器取代3

He计数器成为可能AbstractSemiconductors could provide the next generation of neutron detectors because their advantages could make them competitive with or superior to existing detectors. However, no promising materials have been reported so far for the construction of direct-conversion semiconductor detectors. Here we report on the semiconductor LiInP。

2Se6and demonstrate its potential as a candidate material for the direct detection of thermal neutrons at room temperature. This compound has a good thermal-neutron-capture cross-section, a suitable bandgap (2.06 electronvolts) and a favourable electronic band structure for efficient electron charge transport. We used α particles from an 241Am source as a proxy for the neutron-capture reaction and determined that the compact two-dimensional(2D) LiInP

2Se6detectors resolved the full-energy peakwith an energy resolution of 13.9 per cent. We anticipate that these results will spark interest in this field and enable the replacement of

3He counters by semiconductor-based neutron detectors.Archimedean lattices emerge in template-directed eutectic solidification

出现在模板导向共晶凝固中的阿基米德晶格作者：Ashish A.Kulkarni, Erik Hanson, Runyu Zhang, Katsuyo Thornton & Paul V. Braun链接：

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1893-9摘要：模板辅助自组装法已被证明能产生广泛多样的高度有序介观结构，在少数情况下，其对称性在天然材料中不存在。

然而，这项技术还没有应用到支撑着从高性能涡轮叶片到焊料合金之类现代技术的共晶材料上在此，我们使用一个支柱模板内的简单定向凝固AgCl-KCl片状共晶材料以显示模板与材料的相互作用，该作用导致一系列不同于共晶的天然片状结构和模板的六角形晶格的微观结构的出现。

我们注意到，三叶与六叶模式分别与阿基米德honeycomb格子及SHD格子我们还发现，以单层胶态晶体为模板，观察到包括三叶和六叶在内的多种共晶介结构，前者类似于阿基米德kagome格子AbstractTemplate-directed assembly has been shown to yield a broad diversity of highly ordered mesostructures, which in a few cases exhibit symmetries not present in the native material. However, this technique has not yet been applied to eutectic materials, which underpin many modern technologies ranging from high-performance turbine blades to solder alloys. Here we use directional solidification of a simple AgCl-KCl lamellar eutectic material within a pillar template to show that interactions of the material with the template lead to the emergence of a set of microstructures that are distinct from the eutectic’s native lamellar structure and the template’s hexagonal lattice structure. We note that the trefoil and hexafoil patterns resemble Archimedean honeycomb and square–hexagonal–dodecagonal lattices, respectively. We also find that by using monolayer colloidal crystals as templates, a variety of eutectic mesostructures including trefoil and hexafoil are observed, the former resembling the Archimedean kagome lattice.

海洋学OceanologyOcean acidification does not impair the behaviour of coral reef fishes海洋酸化不会对珊瑚礁鱼类的行为造成损害

作者：Timothy D. Clark, Graham D. Raby, Dominique G. Roche, Sandra A. Binning, Ben Speers-Roesch, Fredrik Jutfelt & Josefin Sundin

链接：https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1903-y摘要：几篇备受关注的论文此前预测，珊瑚礁鱼类特别容易受到本世纪末海洋酸化的影响这些论文报告了严重的行为和感觉障碍。

例如，在海洋酸化的条件下，捕食者释放的化学信号会吸引它们在此，我们明确表示，和以往的研究相比，本世纪末的海洋酸化水平对珊瑚礁鱼类重要行为——例如躲避捕食者的化学信号、鱼类活动水平及行为偏侧化（左右转向偏好）——的影响微乎其微。

通过使用数据模拟，我们还发现，先前几项研究中报道的大规模影响和组内小范围差异是极不可能的总而言之，我们的研究表明，海洋酸化对珊瑚礁鱼类行为的报道影响是不可重现的，这表明珊瑚礁鱼类的行为扰动并不是源于海洋中二氧化碳的高含量。

AbstractCoral reef fishes are predicted to be especially susceptible to end-of-century ocean acidification on the basis of several high-profile papers that have reported profound behavioural and sensory impairments—for example, complete attraction to the chemical cues of predators under conditions of ocean acidification. Here, we comprehensively and transparently show that—in contrast to previous studies—end-of-century ocean acidification levels have negligible effects on important behaviours of coral reef fishes, such as the avoidance of chemicalcues from predators, fish activity levels and behavioural lateralization(left–right turning preference). Using data simulations, we additionally show that the large effect sizes and small within-group variances that have been reported in several previous studies are highly improbable. Together, ourfindings indicate that the reported effects of ocean acidification on the behaviour of coral reef fishes are not reproducible, suggesting that behavioural perturbations will not be a major consequence for coral reef fishes in high CO

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