英语学习-The Art of War-Tactical Dispositions

网络小编 188 2025-05-12

军形第四 Tactical Dispositions孙子曰:昔之善战者,先为不可胜,以待敌之可胜昔:过去,从前先为不可胜:首要创造自己不被别人战胜的条件以待敌之可胜:来等待敌人可能被我军战胜的时机待:等待。

孙子说:以前善于作战的人,总是会预先创造不被敌人战胜的条件以使自己处于不败之地,然后等待可以战胜敌人的机会Sun Tzu said: The good fighters of old first put themselves beyond the possibility of defeat, and then waited for an opportunity of defeating the enemy.。

不可胜在己,可胜在敌在:在于,取决于做到不被敌人战胜,在于自己的主观努力:能否战胜敌人,则在于敌人是否有隙可乘To secure ourselves against defeat lies in our own hands, but the opportunity of defeating the enemy is provided by the enemy himself.。

故善战者,能为不可胜,不能使敌之必可胜所以,善于作战的人,能够做到的是不被敌人战胜,而不能做到使敌人必定被我所战胜Thus the good fighter is able to secure himself against defeat, but cannot make certain of defeating the enemy.。

故曰:胜可知,而不可为所以说:胜利是可以预见的,却是不可以强求的Hence the saying: One may know how to conquer without being able to do it.。

不可胜者,守也;可胜者,攻也要想不被敌人战胜,应该注重防守;想要战胜敌人,则应该采取进攻Security against defeat implies defensive tactics; ability to defeat the enemy means taking the offensive.。

守则不足,攻则有余实力不足的时候,要实行防守,实力强大的时候,要实行进攻Standing on the defensive indicates insufficient strength; attacking, a superabundance of strength.。

善守者藏于九地之下,善攻者动于九天之上,故能自保而全胜也九:古代用作虚词,表示数量极多九天:高不可测的上天善于防守的军队,隐藏自己就像藏于深不可知的地下一样,无迹可寻;善于进攻的军队,展开兵力就像从九霄突然降下,势不可挡。

所以,善防善攻的军队,既能保全自己,又能获得全胜The general who is skilled in defense hides in the most secret recesses of the earth; he who is skilled in attack flashes forth from the topmost heights of heaven. Thus, on the one hand, we have the ability to protect ourselves; on the other, a victory that is complete.

见胜不过众人之所知,非善之善者也;见胜:预见胜利不过:不超过众人:常人,一般人预见胜利不超过一般人的见识,不能算是高明中最高明的To see victory only when it is within the ken of the common herd is not the acme of excellence.。

战胜而天下曰善,非善之善者也打了胜仗而普天之下都说好的,并不是最理想的胜利Neither is it the acme of excellence if you fight and conquer and the whole Empire says, “Well done!”。

故举秋毫不为多力,见日月不为明目,闻雷霆不为聪耳秋毫:指兽类在秋天新长的极纤细的毛,用来比喻非常轻微的事物明目:眼睛明亮聪耳:耳朵灵敏这就像能举起秋毫那样细小的东西算不上力气大,能看见太阳、月亮算不上眼睛明亮,能听见雷霆的声音算不上耳朵灵敏一样。

To lift an autumn hair is no sign of great strength; to see the sun and moon is no sign of sharp sight; to hear the noise of thunder is no sign of a quick ear.

古之所谓善战者,胜于易胜者也古时候所说的善于用兵打仗的人,是指那些总能战胜容易被打败的敌人的人What the ancients called a clever fighter is one who not only wins but excels in winning with ease.。

故善战者之胜也,无智名,无勇功,因此,这些善于用兵打仗的人虽然取得了胜利,但是没有足智多谋的名声,也没有勇猛善战的功劳Hence his victories bring him neither reputation for wisdom nor credit for courage.。

故其战胜不忒不忒者,其所措胜,胜已败者也战胜不忒(tè):打胜仗不会有差错忒:差错胜已败者:战胜已经处于必败之地的敌人这是因为他们的胜利不是偶然的,也绝对不会有差错之所以不会有差错,是由于他们所采用的作战措施都建立在必胜的基础上,战胜的是那些已经陷于必败境地的敌人。

He wins his battles by making no mistakes. Making no mistakes is what establishes the certainty of victory, for it means conquering an enemy that is already defeated.

故善战者,立于不败之地,而不失敌之败也不失敌之败:不放过任何一个打败敌人的时机失:丧失所以,善于用兵打仗的人,总是使自己立于不败之地,而从不放过任何可以打败敌人的机会Hence the skillful fighter puts himself into a position which makes defeat impossible and does not miss the moment for defeating the enemy.。

是故胜兵先胜而后求战,败兵先战而后求胜因此,打胜仗的军队总是先取得必胜的条件,然后才寻找机会与敌人交战;打败仗的军队总是先与敌人交战,然后在战争中企图谋求取胜Thus it is that in war the victorious strategist only seeks battle after the victory has been won, whereas he who is destined to defeat first fights and afterward looks for victory.。

善用兵者,修道而保法,故能为胜败之政修道而保法:修明政治,确保法制道,政治为胜败之政:政治修明、法度严谨的一方将成为胜负的主宰善于用兵打仗的人,能够修明政治,确保法度,所以能够掌握决定战争胜负的主动权The consummate leader cultivates the moral law, and strictly adheres to method and discipline; thus it is in his power to control success.

兵法:一曰度,二曰量,三曰数,四曰称,五曰胜度:原意是尺寸的长短,在这里引申为土地幅员的大小量:原意是粮食容积的多少,在这里引申为人口和物资的数量数:原意是数目的多少,在这里引申为部队实力的强弱以及可投入的兵力数量。

称:原意是称量轻重,在这里引申为权衡利弊,即对敌我双方的实力做出对比胜:从敌我孰优孰劣的现实中可以得到由何方取胜兵法中,用来衡量胜负的因素,一是“度”,二是“量”,三是“数”,四是“称”,五是“胜”In respect of military method, we have, firstly, Measurement; secondly, Estimation of quantity; thirdly, Calculation; fourthly, Balancing of chances; fifthly, Victory.

地生度,度生量,量生数,数生称,称生胜地生度:敌我双方所属的不同地域决定了土地幅员的广窄度生量:土地幅员的广窄决定了人口及物资储备的多少量生数:人口和物资储备的多少决定了双方投入战争的兵员数量的多少数生称:兵员数量的多少决定了双方兵力的强弱对比。

称生胜:双方兵力的强弱对比决定了战争的胜败因为敌我双方所处地域的不同,所以土地幅员大小不同;敌我双方土地幅员的大小,决定了人口和物质资源的多少;敌我双方人口和物质资源的多少,决定了军队和兵员的多少;敌我双方军队和兵员的多少,决定了军事实力的强弱;敌我双方军事实力的强弱,决定了战争的谁胜谁负。

Measurement owes its existence to Earth; Estimation of quantity to Measurement; Calculation to Estimation of quantity; Balancing of chances to Calculation; and Victory to Balancing of chances.

故胜兵若以镒称铢,败兵若以铢称镒以镒(yì)称铢(zhū):用很重的事物去称量很轻的事物镒、铢:是古代的重量单位,1镒等于24两,1两等于24铢,1镒也就是576铢以镒称铢,在这里用来比喻两军实力的悬殊。

所以,胜利的军队对于失败的军队,就像用镒与铢相比较,占有绝对优势;而失败的军队对于胜利的军队,就像用铢与镒相比较,处于绝对的劣势A victorious army opposed to a routed one, is as a pound‘s weight placed in the scale against a single grain.。

称胜者之战民也,若决积水于千仞之溪者,形也胜者之战民:胜利者指挥军队作战决积水于千仞之谿:决开积水使之从极高的山顶冲下来仞:古代长度单位之一,1仞等于7尺,千仞形容非常之高形:形势,这里指两方悬殊的军事实力。

打胜仗的一方,指挥士兵作战,就像从万丈高的山顶上决开积蓄起来的水流,势不可挡,这正是双方实力对比悬殊而造成的形势The onrush of a conquering force is like the bursting of pent-up waters into a chasm a thousand fathoms deep.。

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